Software Driven Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks

Deployment efforts of underwater acoustic sensor networks have been impeded by the prohibitive monetary cost and high power consumption of existing acoustic hardware, which typically targets deep water long range communication. To address this issue, we propose software-driven underwater networks that rely on widely available speakers and microphones in electronic devices, coupled with software modems, to establish wireless acoustic communication links. The proposed acoustic communication system paves the way for cheap and easily deployable underwater acoustic sensor networks for marine monitoring applications with low data transfer requirements. This chapter presents the components that comprise the underlying communication system for software-driven underwater sensor networks, with an eye towards their application opportunities. Based on our recent experiments in rivers, canals, and ponds, we also address the technical challenges for software-driven underwater sensor networks, including modulation, symbol synchronization, filtering, and demodulation, as well as logistical challenges, such as calibration, fouling, and waterproofing, which typically arise in underwater environments. The discussion yields suitable guidelines for next steps in software-driven underwater sensor network research and development.